![Bramus](https://web.dev/images/authors/bramus.jpg) Bramus [X](https://twitter.com/bramus) [GitHub](https://github.com/bramus) [Mastodon](https://front-end.social/@bramus) [Bluesky](https://bsky.app/profile/bram.us) [Homepage](https://www.bram.us/) ![Vladimir Levin](https://web.dev/images/authors/vladimirlevin.jpg) Vladimir Levin


Published: Sep 22, 2025

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When you start a [view transition](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/web-platform/view-transitions), the browser automatically takes before and after snapshots of elements tagged with a `view-transition-name`. These snapshots get rendered in a tree of pseudo-elements. By default, the generated tree is "flat". This means that the original hierarchy in the DOM is lost, and all captured view transition groups are siblings under a single `::view-transition` pseudo-element.

This flat tree approach is sufficient for many use-cases, but there are some styling use-cases that cannot be achieved with it. The following are examples of effects that can have an unexpected visual effect in a flat tree:

- Clipping (`overflow`, `clip-path`, `border-radius`): clipping affects the children of the element, which means that view transition group siblings cannot clip each other.
- `opacity`, `mask-image` and `filter`: similarly, these effects are designed to work on a fully rasterized image of a tree, affecting the children, rather than affecting each item individually.
- 3D transforms (`transform-style`, `transform`, `perspective`): to display the full range of 3D transform animations, some hierarchy needs to be maintained.

The following example shows a flat pseudo-tree, with elements that are clipped by an ancestor in the DOM tree. These elements lose their clipping during the view transition, resulting in a broken visual effect.
Recording of a broken clipping effect while a view transition runs. The text should be clipped by the dialog, but it isn't. Animation time is slowed down to exaggerate the effect.

[Nested view transition groups](https://drafts.csswg.org/css-view-transitions-2/#nested-view-transition-groups) is an extension to view transitions that lets you nest `::view-transition-group` pseudo-elements within each other. When view transition groups are nested, it's possible to restore effects such as clipping during the transition.


Browser Support

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<br />

## From a flat pseudo-tree to a nested pseudo-tree

In the following demo you can click a person's avatar to see more info about that person. The animations are handled by a same-document view transition that morphs the clicked button into the dialog, moves the avatar and name across the screen, and slides the paragraphs from the dialog up or down.

### Live Demo

<iframe allow="camera; clipboard-read; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; geolocation; microphone; midi;" loading="lazy" src="https://codepen.io/web-dot-dev/embed/LEGYBWa?height=600&amp;default-tab=result" style="height: 100%; width: 100%; border: 0;" title="View Transitions: Nested View Transition Groups: People (1/4)"></iframe>

### Demo Recording

### Demo Recording (Slowed down)

If you look closely at the demo you'll see that there's an issue with the transition: even though the paragraphs with the description are children of the `<dialog>` element in the DOM, the text is not clipped by the `<dialog>`s box during the transition:

    <dialog id="info_bramus" closedby="any">
      <h2><img alt="..." class="avatar" height="96" width="96" src="avatar_bramus.jpg"> <span>Bramus</span></h2>
      <p>Bramus is ...</p>
      <p>...</p>
    </dialog>

Applying `overflow: clip` on the `<dialog>` also doesn't do anything.

The problem is the way view transitions build and render their pseudo tree:

- In the pseudo-tree, by default, all snapshots are siblings of each other.
- The pseudo-tree gets rendered in a `::view-transition` pseudo-element which renders on top of the entire document.

For this demo specifically, the DOM tree looks like the following:

    html
      ├─ ::view-transition
      │  ├─ ::view-transition-group(card)
      │  │  └─ ::view-transition-image-pair(card)
      │  │     ├─ ::view-transition-old(card)
      │  │     └─ ::view-transition-new(card)
      │  ├─ ::view-transition-group(name)
      │  │  └─ ::view-transition-image-pair(name)
      │  │     ├─ ::view-transition-old(name)
      │  │     └─ ::view-transition-new(name)
      │  ├─ ::view-transition-group(avatar)
      │  │  └─ ::view-transition-image-pair(avatar)
      │  │     ├─ ::view-transition-old(avatar)
      │  │     └─ ::view-transition-new(avatar)
      │  ├─ ::view-transition-group(paragraph1.text)
      │  │  └─ ::view-transition-image-pair(paragraph1.text)
      │  │     └─ ::view-transition-new(paragraph1.text)
      │  └─ ::view-transition-group(paragraph2.text)
      │     └─ ::view-transition-image-pair(paragraph2.text)
      │        └─ ::view-transition-new(paragraph2.text)
      ├─ head
      └─ body
            └─ ...

Because the `::view-transition-group(.text)` pseudos are succeeding siblings of the `::view-transition-group(card)` pseudo, they get painted on top of the card.

To have `::view-transition-group(card)` clip `::view-transition-group(.text)`, the `::view-transition-group(.text)` pseudos should be children of the `::view-transition-group(card)`. For this, use `view-transition-group` which lets you assign a "parent group" for a generated `::view-transition-group()` pseudo-element.

To change the parent group you have two options:

- On the parent, set the `view-transition-group` to `contain`, to have it contain all children with a `view-transition-name`.
- On all children, set the `view-transition-group` to the `view-transition-name` of the parent. You can also use `nearest` to target the nearest ancestor group.

So for this demo, to use nested view transition groups, the code becomes:

    button.clicked,
    dialog {
      view-transition-group: contain;
    }

Or

    button.clicked,
    dialog *,
      view-transition-group: nearest;
    }

With this code in place, the `::view-transition-group(.text)` pseudos now get nested inside the `::view-transition-group(card)` pseudo. This is done in an extra `::view-transition-group-children(...)` pseudo, which keeps all nested pseudos together:

    html
      ├─ ::view-transition
      │  ├─ ::view-transition-group(card)
      │  │  ├─::view-transition-group-children(card)
      │  │  │ ├─ ::view-transition-group(paragraph1.text)
      │  │  │ │  └─ ::view-transition-image-pair(paragraph1.text)
      │  │  │ │     └─ ::view-transition-new(paragraph1.text)
      │  │  │ └─ ::view-transition-group(paragraph2.text)
      │  │  │    └─ ::view-transition-image-pair(paragraph2.text)
      │  │  │       └─ ::view-transition-new(paragraph2.text)
      │  │  └─ ::view-transition-image-pair(card)
      │  │     ├─ ::view-transition-old(card)
      │  │     └─ ::view-transition-new(card)
      │  ├─ ::view-transition-group(name)
      │  │  └─ ::view-transition-image-pair(name)
      │  │     ├─ ::view-transition-old(name)
      │  │     └─ ::view-transition-new(name)
      │  └─ ::view-transition-group(avatar)
      │     └─ ::view-transition-image-pair(avatar)
      │        ├─ ::view-transition-old(avatar)
      │        └─ ::view-transition-new(avatar)
      ├─ head
      └─ body
            └─ ...

Finally, to have the `::view-transition-group(card)` pseudo clip the paragraphs, apply `overflow: clip` onto the `::view-transition-group-children(card)` pseudo:

    ::view-transition-group-children(card) {
      overflow: clip;
    }

The result is the following:

### Live Demo

<iframe allow="camera; clipboard-read; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; geolocation; microphone; midi;" loading="lazy" src="https://codepen.io/web-dot-dev/embed/wBMvxdz?height=600&amp;default-tab=result" style="height: 100%; width: 100%; border: 0;" title="View Transitions: Nested View Transition Groups: People (2/4)"></iframe>

### Demo Recording

### Demo Recording (Slowed down)

The `::view-transition-group-children` pseudo is only present when nested groups are used. It is sized to the border-box of the original element and is given a transparent border with the same shape and border thickness as the element that generated the pseudo element---`card` in the previous example.

> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** If your only use-case is clipping in same-document view transitions, then you might also consider [element-scoped view transitions](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/scoped-view-transitions-feedback).

## Clipping and more

Nested view transitions groups are used in places other than clipping effects. Another example are 3D effects. In the following demo there is an option to rotate the card in 3D during the transition.

    html:active-view-transition-type(open) {
        &::view-transition-old(card) {
            animation-name: rotate-out;
        }
        &::view-transition-new(card) {
            animation-name: rotate-in;
        }
    }
    html:active-view-transition-type(close) {
        &::view-transition-old(card) {
            animation-name: rotate-in;
        }
        &::view-transition-new(card) {
            animation-name: rotate-out;
        }
    }

Without nested view transition groups, the avatar and name don't rotate along with the card.

### Live Demo

<iframe allow="camera; clipboard-read; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; geolocation; microphone; midi;" loading="lazy" src="https://codepen.io/web-dot-dev/embed/ZYQEjKx?height=600&amp;default-tab=result" style="height: 100%; width: 100%; border: 0;" title="View Transitions: Nested View Transition Groups: People (3/4)"></iframe>

### Demo Recording

### Demo Recording (Slowed down)

By nesting the avatar and name pseudos inside the card, the 3D effect can be restored. But that's not the only thing you need to do. In addition to rotating the `::view-transition-old(card)` and `::view-transition-new(card)` pseudos, you also need to rotate the `::view-transition-group-children(card)` one.

    html:active-view-transition-type(open) {
        &::view-transition-group-children(card) {
            animation: rotate-in var(--duration) ease;
            backface-visibility: hidden;
        }
    }
    html:active-view-transition-type(close) {
        &::view-transition-group-children(card) {
            animation: rotate-out var(--duration) ease;
            backface-visibility: hidden;
        }
    }

### Live Demo

<iframe allow="camera; clipboard-read; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; geolocation; microphone; midi;" loading="lazy" src="https://codepen.io/web-dot-dev/embed/qEbBymv?height=600&amp;default-tab=result" style="height: 100%; width: 100%; border: 0;" title="View Transitions: Nested View Transition Groups: People (4/4)"></iframe>

### Demo Recording

### Demo Recording (Slowed down)

## More demos

In the following example nested view transition groups are used to make sure the cards get clipped by their ancestor scroller. You can toggle the use of nested view transition groups on or off using the included controls.

### Live Demo

<iframe allow="camera; clipboard-read; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; geolocation; microphone; midi;" loading="lazy" src="https://codepen.io/web-dot-dev/embed/jEWOpwL?height=600&amp;default-tab=result" style="height: 100%; width: 100%; border: 0;" title="View Transitions: Nested View Transition Groups: Cards"></iframe>

### Demo Recording

Recording of the demo without clipping (first half) and with clipping (second half)

The interesting thing about this demo is that all `::view-transition-group(.card)` pseudos get nested inside---and clipped by---the ancestor `::view-transition-group(cards)` pseudo. The `#targeted-card` one is excluded because its entry/exit animation shouldn't be clipped by the `::view-transition-group(cards)`.

    /* The .cards wrapper contains all children */
    .cards {
      view-transition-name: cards;
      view-transition-group: contain;
    }

    /* Contents that bleed out get clipped */
    &::view-transition-group-children(cards) {
      overflow: clip;
    }

    /* Each card is given a v-t-name and v-t-class */
    .card {
      view-transition-name: match-element;
      view-transition-class: card;
    }

    /* The targeted card is given a unique name (to style the pseudo differently)
       and shouldn't be contained by the ::view-transition-group-children(cards) pseudo */
    #targeted-card {
      view-transition-name: targeted-card;
      view-transition-group: none;
    }

## Recap

Nested view transitions let you preserve some of the topology of the DOM tree when constructing the pseudo elements. This unlocks a variety of effects not previously possible with view transitions, some of which we described here.

Nesting changes the model of how view transitions are constructed, and is meant to be used to create advanced effects. As noted, [element-scoped view transitions](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/scoped-view-transitions-feedback) can also accomplish a subset of the effects with a simpler model. We encourage you to try both features to decide which one best fits your needs.