Chrome 128 and 129 introduces exciting new features for WebAuthn---the
underlying API to build passkey-based authentication systems.


![Eiji Kitamura](https://web.dev/images/authors/agektmr.jpg) Eiji Kitamura [X](https://twitter.com/agektmr) [GitHub](https://github.com/agektmr) [Mastodon](https://infosec.exchange/@agektmr) [Bluesky](https://bsky.app/profile/agektmr.com)

<br />

- [Hints](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/passkeys-updates-chrome-129.md.txt#hints): Hints give relying parties (RPs) better control over WebAuthn UI in the browser. They are especially helpful for enterprise users who want to use security keys.
- [Related origin requests](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/passkeys-updates-chrome-129.md.txt#related-origin-requests): With related origin requests, RPs can make passkeys valid on multiple domains. If you own multiple sites, you can now enable your users to reuse their passkey across your sites, eliminating login friction.
- [JSON serialization](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/passkeys-updates-chrome-129.md.txt#json-serialization): JSON serialization APIs let you simplify an RP's frontend code by encoding and decoding options and credentials passed to and from WebAuthn API.

## Hints

With `hints`, relying parties (RP) can now specify UI preferences for creating a
passkey or authenticating with a passkey.

Previously, when an RP wanted to restrict the authenticator the user can use to
create a passkey or to authenticate with, they could use
`authenticatorSelection.authenticatorAttachment` to specify `"platform"` or
`"cross-platform"`. They respectively limit the authenticator to a [platform
authenticator](https://passkeys.dev/docs/reference/terms/#platform-authenticator)
or a [roaming
authenticator](https://passkeys.dev/docs/reference/terms/#roaming-authenticator).
With `hints`, this specification can be more flexible.

The RP can use optional `hints` in the `PublicKeyCredentialCreationOptions` or
`PublicKeyCredentialRequestOptions` to specify `"security-key"`,
`"client-device"` and `"hybrid"` in a preference order in an array.

> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** In Chrome, `authenticatorAttachment` is still respected for now.

The following is an example credential creation request that prefers
`"cross-platform"` authenticators with `"security-key"` as a hint. This tells
Chrome to show a security key focused UI for enterprise users.

```javascript
const credential = await navigator.credentials.create({
  publicKey: {
    challenge: *****,
    hints: ['security-key'],
    authenticatorSelection: {
      authenticatorAttachment: 'cross-platform'
    }
  }
});
```
![By specifying 'security-key' as a hint, the browser shows a security key focused dialog.](https://developer.chrome.com/static/blog/passkeys-updates-chrome-129/image/security-key.png) By specifying 'security-key' as a hint, the browser shows a security key focused dialog.

When an RP wants to prioritize a cross-device verification scenario, they can
send an authentication request that prefers `"cross-platform"` authenticators
with `"hybrid"` as a hint.

```javascript
const credential = await navigator.credentials.create({
  publicKey: {
    challenge: *****,
    residentKey: true,
    hints: ['hybrid']
    authenticatorSelection: {
      authenticatorAttachment: 'cross-platform'
    }
  }
});
```
![By specifying 'hybrid' as a hint, the browser shows a cross-device login focused dialog.](https://developer.chrome.com/static/blog/passkeys-updates-chrome-129/image/cross-device.png) By specifying 'hybrid' as a hint, the browser shows a cross-device login focused dialog.

> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** These hints may not be respected on platforms such as Windows where the UI is not controlled by Chrome.

## Related origin requests

With [Related Origin
Requests](https://web.dev/articles/webauthn-related-origin-requests), RPs can
make passkeys usable from multiple domains. Building a centralized login
experience and using federation protocols remains the recommended solution for
most sites. But if you own multiple domains and federation isn't possible,
related origins may be a solution.

All WebAuthn requests must specify a relying party ID (RP ID), and all passkeys
are associated with a single RP ID. Traditionally, an origin could only specify
an RP ID based on its domain, so in that case `www.example.co.uk` could specify
an RP ID of `example.co.uk`, but not `example.com`. With Related Origin
Requests, a claimed RP ID can be validated by fetching a well-known JSON file
located at `/.well-known/webauthn` from the target domain. So `example.co.uk`
(and `example.in`, `example.de`, and so on) could all use an RP ID of
`example.com` if `example.com` specifies them in the following format:

URL: `https://example.com/.well-known/webauthn`

```javascript
{
  "origins": [
    "https://example.co.uk",
    "https://example.de",
    "https://example.sg",
    "https://example.net",
    "https://exampledelivery.com",
    "https://exampledelivery.co.uk",
    "https://exampledelivery.de",
    "https://exampledelivery.sg",
    "https://myexamplerewards.com",
    "https://examplecars.com"
  ]
}
```

Learn how to set up Related Origin Requests at [Allow passkey reuse across your
sites with Related Origin
Requests](https://web.dev/articles/webauthn-related-origin-requests).

## JSON serialization

WebAuthn request and response objects have multiple fields that contain raw
binary data in an ArrayBuffer, such as the credential ID, user ID, or challenge.
If a website wants to use JSON to exchange this data with its server, the binary
data must first be encoded, for example with Base64URL. This adds unnecessary
complexity for developers that want to start using passkeys on their websites.

WebAuthn now offers APIs to parse
[`PublicKeyCredentialCreationOptions`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/PublicKeyCredentialCreationOptions)
and
[`PublicKeyCredentialRequestOptions`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/PublicKeyCredentialRequestOptions)
WebAuthn request objects directly from JSON, and serialize the
[PublicKeyCredential](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/PublicKeyCredential)
response directly into JSON. All ArrayBuffer-valued fields that carry raw binary
data are automatically converted from or to their Base64URL-encoded values.
These APIs are available from Chrome 129.

Before creating a passkey, fetch a JSON encoded
`PublicKeyCredentialCreationOptions` object from the server and decode it using
`PublicKeyCredential.parseCreationOptionsFromJSON()`.


Browser Support

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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/PublicKeyCredential/parseCreationOptionsFromJSON_static)

<br />

```javascript
export async function registerCredential() {

  // Fetch encoded `PublicKeyCredentialCreationOptions`
  // and JSON decode it.
  const options = await fetch('/auth/registerRequest').json();

  // Decode `PublicKeyCredentialCreationOptions` JSON object
  const decodedOptions = PublicKeyCredential.parseCreationOptionsFromJSON(options);  

  // Invoke the WebAuthn create() function.
  const cred = await navigator.credentials.create({
    publicKey: decodedOptions,
  });
  ...
```

After creating a passkey, encode the resulting credential using `toJSON()` so
that it can be sent to the server.


Browser Support

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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/PublicKeyCredential/toJSON)

<br />

```javascript
  ...
  const cred = await navigator.credentials.create({
    publicKey: options,
  });

  // Encode the credential to JSON and stringify
  const credential = JSON.stringify(cred.toJSON());

  // Send the encoded credential to the server
  await fetch('/auth/registerResponse', credential);
  ...
```

Before authenticating with a passkey, fetch a JSON encoded
`PublicKeyRequestCreationOptions` from the server and decode it using
`PublicKeyCredential.parseRequestOptionsFromJSON()`.


Browser Support

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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/PublicKeyCredential/parseRequestOptionsFromJSON_static)

<br />

```javascript
export async function authenticate() {

  // Fetch encoded `PublicKeyCredentialRequestOptions`
  // and JSON decode it.
  const options = await fetch('/auth/signinRequest').json();

  // Decode `PublicKeyCredentialRequestOptions` JSON object
  const decodedOptions = PublicKeyCredential.parseRequestOptionsFromJSON(options);

  // Invoke the WebAuthn get() function.
  const cred = await navigator.credentials.get({
    publicKey: options
  });
  ...
```

After authenticating with a passkey, encode the resulting credential using
`toJSON()` method so that it can be sent to the server.


Browser Support

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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/PublicKeyCredential/toJSON)

<br />

```javascript
  ...
  const cred = await navigator.credentials.get({
    publicKey: options
  });

  // Encode the credential to JSON and stringify
  const credential = JSON.stringify(cred.toJSON());

  // Send the encoded credential to the server
  await fetch(`/auth/signinResponse`, credential);
  ...
```

## Learn more

To learn more about WebAuthn and passkeys, check out the following resources:

- [Passkeys \| Chrome for Developers](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/identity/passkeys)
- [Introduction to server-side passkey
  implementation](https://developers.google.com/identity/passkeys/developer-guides/server-introduction)
- [passkeys.dev](https://passkeys.dev/)