![Jad Joubran](https://web.dev/images/authors/jadjoubran.jpg) Jad Joubran [X](https://twitter.com/JoubranJad) [GitHub](https://github.com/jadjoubran) [Homepage](https://jadjoubran.io/)

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Published: March 4, 2025

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The [Document Picture-in-Picture API](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/Document_Picture-in-Picture_API) (Document PiP API) lets web applications open a floating, always-on-top window (a picture-in-picture window) that can display any arbitrary HTML content.

This API builds on top of the [Picture-in-Picture API for `<video>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/Picture-in-Picture_API), which lets you continue consuming video in a PiP window.

As the Document PiP API can display any arbitrary HTML content, you can use it to unlock exciting new use cases.

## Browser support and progressive enhancement


Browser Support

- ![Chrome: 116.](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='24' height='24' viewBox='-10 -10 276 276'%3E%3ClinearGradient id='a' x1='145' x2='34' y1='253' y2='61' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%231e8e3e'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%2334a853'/%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3ClinearGradient id='b' x1='111' x2='222' y1='254' y2='62' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%23fcc934'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%23fbbc04'/%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3ClinearGradient id='c' x1='17' x2='239' y1='80' y2='80' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%23d93025'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%23ea4335'/%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3Ccircle cx='128' cy='128' r='64' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3Cpath fill='url(%23a)' d='M96 183a64 64 0 0 1-23-23L17 64a128 128 0 0 0 111 192l55-96a64 64 0 0 1-87 23Z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='url(%23b)' d='M192 128a64 64 0 0 1-9 32l-55 96A128 128 0 0 0 239 64H128a64 64 0 0 1 64 64Z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='128' cy='128' r='52' fill='%231a73e8'/%3E%3Cpath fill='url(%23c)' d='M96 73a64 64 0 0 1 32-9h111a128 128 0 0 0-222 0l56 96a64 64 0 0 1 23-87Z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E)
- ![Edge: 116.](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' width='24' height='24' viewBox='0 0 27600 27600'%3E%3ClinearGradient id='A' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'/%3E%3ClinearGradient id='B' x1='6870' x2='24704' y1='18705' y2='18705' xlink:href='%23A'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%230c59a4'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%23114a8b'/%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3ClinearGradient id='C' x1='16272' x2='5133' y1='10968' y2='23102' xlink:href='%23A'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%231b9de2'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.16' stop-color='%231595df'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.67' stop-color='%230680d7'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%230078d4'/%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='D' cx='16720' cy='18747' r='9538' xlink:href='%23A'%3E%3Cstop offset='.72' stop-opacity='0'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.95' stop-opacity='.53'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='E' cx='7130' cy='19866' r='14324' gradientTransform='matrix(.14843 -.98892 .79688 .1196 -8759 25542)' xlink:href='%23A'%3E%3Cstop offset='.76' stop-opacity='0'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.95' stop-opacity='.5'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='F' cx='2523' cy='4680' r='20243' gradientTransform='matrix(-.03715 .99931 -2.12836 -.07913 13579 3530)' xlink:href='%23A'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%2335c1f1'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.11' stop-color='%2334c1ed'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.23' stop-color='%232fc2df'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.31' stop-color='%232bc3d2'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.67' stop-color='%2336c752'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='G' cx='24247' cy='7758' r='9734' gradientTransform='matrix(.28109 .95968 -.78353 .22949 24510 -16292)' xlink:href='%23A'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%2366eb6e'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%2366eb6e' stop-opacity='0'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3Cpath id='H' d='M24105 20053a9345 9345 0 01-1053 472 10202 10202 0 01-3590 646c-4732 0-8855-3255-8855-7432 0-1175 680-2193 1643-2729-4280 180-5380 4640-5380 7253 0 7387 6810 8137 8276 8137 791 0 1984-230 2704-456l130-44a12834 12834 0 006660-5282c220-350-168-757-535-565z'/%3E%3Cpath id='I' d='M11571 25141a7913 7913 0 01-2273-2137 8145 8145 0 01-1514-4740 8093 8093 0 013093-6395 8082 8082 0 011373-859c312-148 846-414 1554-404a3236 3236 0 012569 1297 3184 3184 0 01636 1866c0-21 2446-7960-8005-7960-4390 0-8004 4166-8004 7820 0 2319 538 4170 1212 5604a12833 12833 0 007684 6757 12795 12795 0 003908 610c1414 0 2774-233 4045-656a7575 7575 0 01-6278-803z'/%3E%3Cpath id='J' d='M16231 15886c-80 105-330 250-330 566 0 260 170 512 472 723 1438 1003 4149 868 4156 868a5954 5954 0 003027-839 6147 6147 0 001133-850 6180 6180 0 001910-4437c26-2242-796-3732-1133-4392-2120-4141-6694-6525-11668-6525-7011 0-12703 5635-12798 12620 47-3654 3679-6605 7996-6605 350 0 2346 34 4200 1007 1634 858 2490 1894 3086 2921 618 1067 728 2415 728 2952s-271 1333-780 1990z'/%3E%3Cuse fill='url(%23B)' xlink:href='%23H'/%3E%3Cuse fill='url(%23D)' opacity='.35' xlink:href='%23H'/%3E%3Cuse fill='url(%23C)' xlink:href='%23I'/%3E%3Cuse fill='url(%23E)' opacity='.4' xlink:href='%23I'/%3E%3Cuse fill='url(%23F)' xlink:href='%23J'/%3E%3Cuse fill='url(%23G)' xlink:href='%23J'/%3E%3C/svg%3E)
- ![Firefox: 151.](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='24' height='24' viewBox='0 0 512 512'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CradialGradient id='ff-b' cx='428.5' cy='55.1' r='501' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='.1' stop-color='%23ffbd4f'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.2' stop-color='%23ffac31'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.3' stop-color='%23ff9d17'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.3' stop-color='%23ff980e'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.4' stop-color='%23ff563b'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23ff3750'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.7' stop-color='%23f5156c'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.8' stop-color='%23eb0878'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.9' stop-color='%23e50080'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='ff-c' cx='245.4' cy='259.9' r='501' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='.3' stop-color='%23960e18'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.3' stop-color='%23b11927' stop-opacity='.7'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.4' stop-color='%23db293d' stop-opacity='.3'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23f5334b' stop-opacity='.1'/%3E%3Cstop 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stop-color='%23ff980e'/%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3ClinearGradient id='ff-a' x1='446.9' y1='76.8' x2='47.9' y2='461.8' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='.1' stop-color='%23fff44f'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.1' stop-color='%23ffe847'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.2' stop-color='%23ffc830'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.4' stop-color='%23ff980e'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.4' stop-color='%23ff8b16'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23ff672a'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23ff3647'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.7' stop-color='%23e31587'/%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3ClinearGradient id='ff-l' x1='442.1' y1='74.8' x2='102.6' y2='414.3' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='.2' stop-color='%23fff44f' stop-opacity='.8'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.3' stop-color='%23fff44f' stop-opacity='.6'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23fff44f' stop-opacity='.2'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.6' stop-color='%23fff44f' stop-opacity='0'/%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath d='M479 166c-11-25-32-52-49-60a249 249 0 0 1 25 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- ![Safari: not supported.](data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' width='24' height='24' viewBox='195 190 135 135'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3ClinearGradient id='s-a' x1='132.6' x2='134.4' y1='111.7' y2='-105.3' xlink:href='%23s-b'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%23d2d2d2' /%3E%3Cstop offset='.5' stop-color='%23f2f2f2' /%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%23fff' /%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3ClinearGradient id='s-b' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse' /%3E%3ClinearGradient id='s-c' x1='65.4' x2='67.4' y1='115.7' y2='17.1' xlink:href='%23s-b'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%23005ad5' /%3E%3Cstop offset='.2' stop-color='%230875f0' /%3E%3Cstop offset='.3' stop-color='%23218cee' /%3E%3Cstop offset='.6' stop-color='%2327a5f3' /%3E%3Cstop offset='.8' stop-color='%2325aaf2' /%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%2321aaef' /%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3ClinearGradient id='s-d' x1='158.7' x2='176.3' y1='96.7' y2='79.5' xlink:href='%23s-b'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%23c72e24' /%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%23fd3b2f' /%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='s-i' cx='-69.9' cy='69.3' r='54' gradientTransform='matrix(.9 -.01 .04 2.72 -9 -120)' xlink:href='%23s-b'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%2324a5f3' stop-opacity='0' /%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%231e8ceb' /%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3CradialGradient id='s-j' cx='109.3' cy='13.8' r='93.1' gradientTransform='matrix(-.02 1.1 -1.04 -.02 137 -115)' xlink:href='%23s-b'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-opacity='0' /%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%235488d6' stop-opacity='0' /%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%235d96eb' /%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Crect width='220' height='220' x='22' y='-107' fill='url(%23s-a)' ry='49' transform='matrix(.57 0 0 .57 187 256)' /%3E%3Cg transform='translate(194 190)'%3E%3Ccircle cx='67.8' cy='67.7' fill='url(%23s-c)' paint-order='stroke fill markers' r='54' /%3E%3Ccircle cx='-69.9' cy='69.3' fill='url(%23s-i)' transform='translate(138 -2)' r='54' /%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cellipse cx='120' cy='14.2' fill='url(%23s-j)' rx='93.1' ry='93.7' transform='matrix(.58 0 0 .58 192 250)' /%3E%3Cg transform='matrix(.58 0 0 .57 197 182)'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23cac7c8' d='M46 192h1l72-48-7-9-66 57Z' /%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fbfffc' d='M46 191v1l66-57-7-9-59 65Z' /%3E%3Cpath fill='url(%23s-d)' d='m119 144-7-9 66-57-59 66Z' /%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fb645c' d='m105 126 7 9 66-57-1-1-72 49Z' /%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-miterlimit='1' stroke-width='1.3' d='m287 278 3-2m-12-17 8-2m-8-3h4m-4-13 8 2m-8 3h4m-1-13 7 3m-4-11 7 4m-2-11 6 6m0-12 6 7m1-11 4 6m4-10 3 7m5-9 2 7m15-7-1 7m10-5-3 7m11-4-4 7m11-2-5 6m16 7-7 4m10 4-7 3m10 6-8 1m8 16-8-2m5 10-7-3m4 11-7-4m2 11-6-5m0 11-5-6m-2 11-4-7m-4 11-3-8m-6 10-1-8m-16 8 2-8m-10 5 3-7m-11 4 4-7m-11 2 5-6m-8 3 3-3m4 8 2-3m5 8 2-4m6 7 1-4m8 5v-4m8 4v-4m9 3-1-4m9 1-2-4m9 0-2-4m9-2-3-3m8-4-3-2m8-5-4-2m7-6-4-1m5-8h-4m4-8h-4m3-9-4 1m1-9-4 2m-1-9-3 2m-2-9-3 3m-4-8-2 3m-5-8-2 4m-6-6-1 3m-8-5v4m-8-4v4m-9-2 1 3m-9 0 2 3m-9 1 2 3m-9 2 3 3m-8 4 3 2m-8 5 4 2m-7 6 4 1m-4 25 4-1m-2 5 7-3m-6 7 4-2m-2 6 7-4m-13-21h8m41-41v-8m0 99v-8m49-42h-8' transform='translate(-65 8)' /%3E%3C/svg%3E)

[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/DocumentPictureInPicture)

<br />

At the time of writing, the Document Picture-in-Picture API has limited availability.

However, this shouldn't stop you from using it with
[progressive enhancement](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Glossary/Progressive_Enhancement) or
[graceful degradation](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Glossary/Graceful_degradation).

When planning your use case, make sure to treat it as a progressive enhancement rather than a standard feature.
In this article, you'll see an example of graceful degradation.

## Improving the learner's user experience with the Document PiP API

[LearnHTMLCSS.online](https://learnhtmlcss.online/) is an interactive learning platform that teaches semantic and accessible HTML and CSS. It offers an interactive text editor and browser preview window.

The following screencast shows the layout of the app; the screen is divided into two columns.
The first column contains the code editor.
The second column contains a tabbed layout. By default, the user can see the instructions of the challenge, and they can click the **Browser** tab to view a live preview.

As a student, you might sometimes want to maximise the browser preview window.
This is a perfect opportunity to add support for the Document Picture-in-Picture API.

To implement this, start by checking for browser support:

    const isPipSupported = "documentPictureInPicture" in window;

You can now use this variable to wrap any `documentPictureInPicture` calls, or to early return from a function that relies on Document PiP. The following code checks for support of Document PiP, then opens a Document PiP window.

    async function initDocumentPip() {
      if (!isPipSupported) {
        return false;
      }

      const pipWindow = await documentPictureInPicture.requestWindow({
        width: window.innerWidth,
        height: window.innerHeight,
      });
    }

Depending on your use case, you can specify any width and height for the window.
You can try to match a particular element, the current document, or even provide fixed values.

So far, you have an empty document. You now need to populate it with content.

    // htmlCode is the HTML code of the challenge
    pipWindow.document.documentElement.innerHTML = htmlCode;

For challenges with CSS code, you will also need to sync the CSS.

That's it! You now have a maximize button that opens in a separate PiP window.In addition to maximizing the browser preview tab, you can also move it to a separate screen if you have an external monitor, or even rearrange the main web app and the browser preview tab in a column layout.

## Fallback

Remember that this API has limited availability.
On browsers and devices where this API is not supported,
you'll need to provide a fallback (graceful degradation) behavior.

Instead of making the maximize button pull the whole browser preview tab out,
we can make it take up all the remaining space of the current web app.

\</video

Try this behavior in different browsers: <https://learnhtmlcss.online/app.html?id=2096>

Don't forget to pay attention to small details in the tooltips. When `isPipSupported` is `true`, the maximize/minimize button's tooltip toggles between *Enter Picture-in-Picture* and *Exit Picture-in-Picture* .
On the other hand, when `isPipSupported` is `false`, the fallback behavior is described with *Maximize* and *Minimize*.

*** ** * ** ***

As you can see, the Document Picture-in-Picture API can unlock exciting new use cases for your Web App when combined with progressive enhancement or graceful degradation.

Don't let limited browser support limit you, and don't forget to have a decent fallback use case.

Check out the [documentation for Document PiP](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/web-platform/document-picture-in-picture) to explore various examples and use cases of this API.