 Swetha Gopalakrishnan [X](https://twitter.com/swetha_go) [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/swetha-gopalakrishnan-5ba92936)  Saurabh Rajpal [X](https://twitter.com/imsaurabhrajpal) [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/imsaurabhrajpal)
[Scroll-driven animations](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/animation-timeline)
are a common UX pattern on the web. A scroll-driven
animation is linked to the scroll position of a scroll container. This means
that as you scroll up or down, the linked animation scrubs forward or backward
in direct response. Examples of this are effects such as parallax background
images or reading indicators which move as you scroll.
Developers have typically created scroll-driven animations by using JavaScript
to respond to scroll events on the main thread. This makes it hard to create
performant scroll-driven animations that are in sync with scrolling, due to
scroll events being delivered asynchronously, and often leads to jank due to
being on the main thread.
However, as part of the new
[CSS and UI features landing in browsers](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/css-ui-ecommerce),
you can now
create declarative scroll-driven animations. With Scroll Timelines and View
Timelines, new concepts that integrate with the existing
[Web Animations API (WAAPI)](https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations-1/) and
[CSS Animations API](https://drafts.csswg.org/css-animations-1/),
you can now have silky smooth
scroll-driven animations running off the main thread, with just a few lines of
code. In this case study, discover how Tokopedia, redBus, and Policybazaar are
already benefiting from this new feature.
Browser Support
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[Source](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Properties/animation-timeline)
> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** To learn how to implement scroll-driven animations in your own site using the new APIs read [Animate elements on scroll with Scroll-driven animations](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/css-ui/scroll-driven-animations) by Bramus.
## Tokopedia
Tokopedia replaced their previous custom JavaScript implementations with
Scroll-driven animations to optimize their page performance, and to enhance
overall browsing experience across their ecommerce conversion funnel.
> We managed to reduce up to 80% of our lines of code compared to using
> conventional JavaScript scroll events and observed that the average CPU usage
> reduced from 50% to 2% while scrolling--- [Andy Wihalim](https://www.linkedin.com/in/andy-wihalim-a4872512b), Senior Software Engineer, Tokopedia
Animated changing visibility of top sticky bar based on user scroll position.
### Code
The following implementation uses the `scroll()` function to set an *anonymous scroll
progress timeline* for controlling the progress of the CSS animation. The
visibility of the top sticky bar changes based on the scroll position within the
defined `animationRange`.
const toggleBar = keyframes({
to: { height: 48 },
});
export const cssWrapper = css({
position: 'fixed',
left: 0,
width: '100vw',
pointerEvents: 'none',
marginTop: 120,
height: 0,
overflow: 'hidden',
display: 'flex',
flexDirection: 'column',
justifyContent: 'flex-end',
animation: `${toggleBar} linear both`,
animationTimeline: 'scroll()',
animationRange: '20px 70px',
});
## redBus
redBus has different animations for mobile and desktop on their
[things-to-do](https://www.redbus.my/things-to-do) landing page, which is shown
early in the conversion funnel to all users. With scroll-driven animations, they
were able to replace these custom JavaScript implementations with CSS to achieve
the same effect.
### Use cases
Photo Gallery with [Image Reveal](https://scroll-driven-animations.style/demos/image-reveal/css/) (for
mobile) and [Cover Flow](https://scroll-driven-animations.style/demos/cover-flow/css/) (for
Desktop).
Scroll-driven animation image reveal effect for loading images on redBus "Things To Do" photo gallery.
### Code (Mobile)
In the previous example, Tokopedia used the *anonymous scroll progress
timeline* . In the following code, redBus uses the *named view progress
timeline* . The animation changes the `opacity` and `clip-path` of the `![]()
`
element within the defined `animation-range` inside the element's nearest
ancestor scroller, which is the photo gallery scroller in this case.
const reveal = keyframes`
from {
opacity: 0;
clip-path: inset(45% 20% 45% 20%);
}
to {
opacity: 1;
clip-path: inset(0% 0% 0% 0%);
}`
const CardImage = styled.div`
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
img {
border-top-left-radius: 0.75rem;
border-top-right-radius: 0.75rem;
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
object-fit: cover;
view-timeline-name: --revealing-image;
view-timeline-axis: block;
/* Attach animation, linked to the View Timeline */
animation: linear ${reveal} both;
animation-timeline: --revealing-image;
/* Tweak range when effect should run*/
animation-range: entry 25% cover 50%;
}
`;
> We are very happy to see this feature as it's a perfect blend of performance
> with better experience, boosting our Page Experience signals for SEO. On top of
> that, the minimal learning curve makes it a must-have for every ecommerce
> website. We also got positive feedback and support from other teams to leverage
> SDA for more user journeys.--- [Amit Kumar](https://in.linkedin.com/in/amit-kumar-8385b734), Senior Engineering Manager, redBus.
## Policybazaar
Comparing insurance plans is a repeated key action taken by users to guide their
decision making process. Using scroll-driven animations, Policybazaar shrank the
size of low-priority elements in response to the user scrolling the table. This
resulted in a graceful scrolling experience while improving readability.
> With scroll-driven animations, we were able maximize the viewport space for the
> user to compare plans, ensuring a focused and clutter-free reading
> experience.---[Rishabh
> Mehrotra](https://www.linkedin.com/in/rishabh-mehrotra-4483a274/), Head of Design for Life Insurance BU, PolicyBazaar.
Scroll-driven animation `animate-timeline` on compare-plan table in Investment and Life LOB (Line of Business).
### Code
Similar to the previous example from Tokopedia, Policybazaar is using the
`scroll()` function to set an *anonymous scroll progress timeline* for
controlling the progress of the CSS animation. In this case shrinking the font
size and fading the header based on the scroll position within the defined
`animation-range`.
@supports (animation-timeline: scroll()) {
.plan-comparison .inner-header {
animation: move-and-fade-header linear both;
}
.plan-comparison .left-side {
animation: shrink-name linear both;
}
.plan-comparison .inner-header, .plan-comparison .left-side {
animation-timeline: scroll();
animation-range: 0 150px;
}
}
@keyframes move-and-fade-header {
to {
translate: 0% -5%;
top:103px;
}
}
@keyframes shrink-name {
to {
font-size: 1.5rem;
}
}
## Scroll-driven animations as a common pattern across the user journey
All the featured ecommerce companies used Scroll-driven animations on pages
with cards, animating cards to bring the user's attention to them . The
following examples show scroll effects on cards in different parts of the user
journey. This is typically achieved using an *anonymous view progress timeline*
for controlling the progress of the custom CSS animation, as shown in the
following CSS snippet.
@keyframes animate-in {
0% { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(10%); }
100% { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}
@keyframes animate-out {
0% { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
100% { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-10%); }
}
.flyin_animate {
animation: animate-in linear forwards;
animation-timeline: view();
animation-range: entry;
}
### redBus (Home page)
Scroll-driven animation fly-in effect for loading product cards on redBus "Things To Do" landing page.
### Policybazaar (Product Listing Page)
Scroll-driven animation fade-in, fade-out of product cards in Investment and Life LOB (Line of Business).
### Tokopedia (Product Details Page)
Fade-in, Fade-out animation while scrolling through the products listed.
## Things to consider when using the Scroll-driven Animations API
It's possible to polyfill scroll-driven animations for non-supporting browsers,
for example with the
[Scroll-timeline polyfill](https://github.com/flackr/scroll-timeline).
If you do, this will
require additional testing to make sure that it works well alongside your
framework, and that browsers using the polyfill don't experience animation
failure or janky experiences.
From CSS you can use `@supports` to test for support of animation-timeline
before using scroll-driven animations. For example:
@supports (animation-timeline: scroll()) {
}
## Resources
- [Scroll-driven animations demos](https://scroll-driven-animations.style/)
- [Animate elements on scroll with Scroll-driven animations](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/css-ui/scroll-driven-animations)
- [Codelab: Getting started with scroll-driven animations in CSS](https://codelabs.developers.google.com/scroll-driven-animations#0)
- [Chrome Extension: Scroll-driven animation debugger](https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/scroll-driven-animations/ojihehfngalmpghicjgbfdmloiifhoce)
- [Scroll-timeline Polyfill](https://github.com/flackr/scroll-timeline?tab=readme-ov-file#scroll-timeline-polyfill)
- Do you want to report a bug or new feature? [We want to hear from you](https://issues.chromium.org/issues/new?component=1456613&template=0)!
Explore the other articles in this series which talks about how ecommerce companies benefited from using new CSS and UI features such as View Transitions, Popover, Container Queries and the `has()` selector.
- [Why do Web UI Capabilities matter for your ecommerce site?](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/css-ui-ecommerce)
- [View Transitions case studies](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/css-ui-ecommerce-vt)
- [Popover API case studies](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/css-ui-ecommerce-popover)
- [Container Queries case studies](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/css-ui-ecommerce-cq)
- [:has() selector case studies](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/css-ui-ecommerce-has)